This section of the course deals with the assessment of human differences in areas such as intelligence, interests, and personality. It details the various types of tests used to assess these traits and what methods are used to construct the tests. It treats the ways of measuring the reliability and validity of these tests and explains the establishment of how to use norms.
Students learn about the major theories related to the structure of personality and intelligence: trait and type theories of personality, and general versus specific-factor views of intellect.
They also deal with the development of intelligence and the extremes of this trait: retardation and giftedness. Students should know about the controversial issues and interpretations related to the concept of intelligence: genetic versus environmental determinants, race differences, possible cultural bias in tests, and the use of measures of intelligence.
Students should also be aware of the ethical issues in connection with the use of tests, such as conflicts over the confidentiality, problems in reporting the results of tests to the individuals who take them, the use of test scores for making comparisons between people, and the social impact of the use of tests.