Development is a lifelong process is basic. Development means the changes over a lifetime in areas such as physiology, emotion, perception, cognition, and memory, particularly to periods such as infancy, childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. Students should be aware of the major dimensions such as physical, social, moral, and cognitive aspects and gender that takes place over a lifetime. The ongoing question in development includes whether development is continuous or discontinuous and the question of nature vs. nurture. Closely connected to these are the concepts of critical or sensitive periods and culture.
One way to introduce the material is to look at the major criteria used in judging observations of developmental phenomena. Such techniques as natural observation, self-report, the experimental method, and clinical method as well as research designs used to study development. Students should know the differences between longitudinal, cross-sectional, a combination of the two with each having its own way of data gathering.
Students learn about the different theories of development of Erik Erikson, Carol Gilligan, Lawrence Kohlberg, Elizabeth Kubler-Ross, Jean Piaget, and Lev Vygotsky.